General Information

  • ID:  hor002118
  • Uniprot ID:  P51458
  • Protein name:  Insulin-like growth factor I
  • Gene name:  IGF1
  • Organism:  Equus caballus (Horse)
  • Family:  Insulin family
  • Source:  animal
  • Expression:  NA
  • Disease:  NA
  • Comments:  NA
  • Taxonomy:  Equus (genus), Equidae (family), Perissodactyla (order), Laurasiatheria (superorder), Boreoeutheria, Eutheria, Theria, Mammalia (class), Amniota, Tetrapoda, Dipnotetrapodomorpha, Sarcopterygii (superclass), Euteleostomi, Teleostomi, Gnathostomata, Vertebrata, Craniata (subphylum), Chordata (phylum), Deuterostomia, Bilateria, Eumetazoa, Metazoa (kingdom), Opisthokonta, Eukaryota (superkingdom), cellular organisms
  • GO MF:  GO:0005159 insulin-like growth factor receptor binding; GO:0005179 hormone activity; GO:0008083 growth factor activity
  • GO BP:  GO:0001932 regulation of protein phosphorylation; GO:0008283 cell population proliferation; GO:0008284 positive regulation of cell population proliferation; GO:0010648 negative regulation of cell communication; GO:0023057 negative regulation of signaling; GO:0034392 negative regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process; GO:0043066 negative regulation of apoptotic process; GO:0043410 positive regulation of MAPK cascade; GO:0045725 positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process; GO:0046326 positive regulation of glucose import; GO:0048009 insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway; GO:0048856 anatomical structure development; GO:0050896 response to stimulus; GO:0051897 positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction; GO:0090201 negative regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria
  • GO CC:  GO:0005576 extracellular region; GO:0005615 extracellular space; GO:0035867 alphav-beta3 integrin-IGF-1-IGF1R complex; GO:0070382 exocytic vesicle

Sequence Information

  • Sequence:  GPETLCGAELVDALQFVCGDRGFYFNKPTGYGSSSRRAPQTGIVDECCFRSCDLRRLEMYCAPLKPAKSA
  • Length:  70
  • Propeptide:  MGKISSLPTQLFKCCFCDFLKVKMHIMSSSHLFYLALCLLTFTSSATAGPETLCGAELVDALQFVCGDRGFYFNKPTGYGSSSRRAPQTGIVDECCFRSCDLRRLEMYCAPLKPAKSARSVR
  • Signal peptide:  NA
  • Modification:  NA
  • Glycosylation:  NA
  • Mutagenesis:  NA

Activity

  • Function:  The insulin-like growth factors, isolated from plasma, are structurally and functionally related to insulin but have a much higher growth-promoting activity. May be a physiological regulator of [1-14C]-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) transport and glycogen synthesis in osteoblasts. Stimulates glucose transport in bone-derived osteoblastic (PyMS) cells and is effective at much lower concentrations than insulin, not only regarding glycogen and DNA synthesis but also with regard to enhancing glucose uptake. May play a role in synapse maturation.
  • Mechanism:  Binds to the alpha subunit of IGF1R, leading to the activation of the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity which autophosphorylates tyrosine residues in the beta subunit thus initiatiating a cascade of down-stream signaling events leading to activation of the PI3K-AKT/PKB and the Ras-MAPK pathways. Binds to integrins ITGAV:ITGB3 and ITGA6:ITGB4. Its binding to integrins and subsequent ternary complex formation with integrins and IGFR1 are essential for IGF1 signaling. Induces the phosphorylation and activation of IGFR1, MAPK3/ERK1, MAPK1/ERK2 and AKT1
  • Cross BBB:  NA
  • Target:  NA
  • Target Unid:  NA
  • IC50: NA
  • EC50: NA
  • ED50: NA
  • kd: NA
  • Half life: 0.033±0.004 (t1/2 α) hours; /118.8 seconds ( PubMed ID: 11145579 )

Structure

  • Disulfide bond:  6-48; 18-61; 47-52
  • Structure ID:  AF-P51458-F1(AlphaFold_DB_ID)

  • Structure: (PDB_ID-from https://www.rcsb.org/; AlphaFold_DB_ID-from https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/; hordbxxxxxx_AF2.pdb was predicted structure by AlphaFold2; hordbxxxxxx_ESM.pdb was predicted structure by ESMFold)
    •    hor002118_AF2.pdbhor002118_ESM.pdb

Physical Information

Mass: 888567 Formula: C331H518N94O101S7
Absent amino acids: HW Common amino acids: GACLR
pI: 7.73 Basic residues: 9
Polar residues: 25 Hydrophobic residues: 20
Hydrophobicity: -27.43 Boman Index: -12519
Half-Life: 30 hour Half-Life Yeast: >20 hour
Half-Life E.Coli: >10 hour Aliphatic Index 60
Instability Index: 6724.14 Extinction Coefficient cystines: 4845
Absorbance 280nm: 70.22

Literature

  • PubMed ID:  8860303##11145579
  • Title:  Cloning and Sequencing of an Equine Insulin-Like Growth Factor I cDNA and Its Expression in Fetal and Adult Tissues